Constitutional Amendment Acts – 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105

Constitutional Amendment Act 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105. Their brief descriptions, amendments made, and effective date.

101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016

Official name: The Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016
Came into effect: 1 July 2017
Brief Description: The Act introduced nationwide Goods and Services Tax (GST).
Amendments: The Act added Articles 246A, 269A, 279A. Deleted Article 268A.
Amended Articles 248, 249, 250, 268, 269, 270, 271, 286, 366, 368, Sixth Schedule, Seventh Schedule of the Constitution.

102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018

Official name: The Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018
Came into effect: 11 August 2018
Brief Description: The Act granted the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) constitutional status.
Amendments: The Act added new Articles 338B, 342A, and Clause 26C to the Constitution. It also modified Articles 338 and 366.

103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019

Official name: The Constitution (One Hundred and Third Amendment) Act, 2019
Came into effect: 12 January 2019
Brief Description: The Act introduced 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of society for admission to Central Government-run educational institutions and private educational institutions (except for minority educational institutions), and for employment in Central Government jobs.
As of date, the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) consists of people
(1) having an annual family income of less than ₹8 lakh; and
(2) who do not belong to any category such as SC/ST/OBC across India, nor to MBC in Tamil Nadu.
Amendments: The Act added Clause [6] in the Article 15 and Clause [6] in the Article 16 of the Constitution.

104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019

Official name: The Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019
Came into effect: 25 January 2020
Brief Description: The Act extended the period of reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies from 70 to 80 years. The amendment also removed the reservation for Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies by not extending it further.
Amendments: The Act amended Article 334 of the Constitution.

105th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2021

Official name: The Constitution (One Hundred and Fifth Amendment) Act, 2021
Came into effect: 10 August 2021
Brief Description: The Act restored the power of the state governments to identify Other Backward Classes (OBCs) that are socially and educationally backward.
This amendment annulled the Supreme Court judgement of 11 May 2021, which had empowered only the Central government for such identification.
Amendments: The Act amended Article 338B, 342A and 366 of the Constitution.

List of the Constitutional Amendment Acts

Click here to see the complete list of the Constitutional Amendment Act 101 and others or visit the website https://legislative.gov.in/the-constitution-amendment-acts/